Pythagorean Theorem [Ancient Inventions Series]
Invention Name Pythagorean Theorem Short Definition a2 + b2 = c2 (right triangles) Approximate Date / Era c. 1800–1600 BCE…
Number System (Babylonian Base-60) [Ancient Inventions Series]
Invention Name Babylonian Base-60 Number System (Sexagesimal) Short Definition A positional numeral system that groups values by 60 instead of…
Elevator (Greek Water-powered Lifts) [Ancient Inventions Series]
Invention Name Elevator (Greek Water-Powered Lifts) Short Definition Vertical lifting systems that move loads using ropes, pulleys, and drums, sometimes…
Calendar System (Mayan) [Ancient Inventions Series]
Invention Name Maya Calendar System Short Definition Interlocking calendars for ritual time, solar time, and historical dating Approximate Date /…
Hydraulic Mining [Ancient Inventions Series]
Invention Name Hydraulic Mining Short Definition Pressurized water jets used to excavate unconsolidated deposits Approximate Date / Era 1852–1853 Approx….
Tunnel boring techniques [Ancient Inventions Series]
Invention Name Tunnel Boring Techniques Short Definition Mechanized excavation of tunnels using boring shields, cutterheads, and controlled face support Approximate…
Concrete Dome [Ancient Inventions Series]
Invention Name Concrete Dome Short Definition Curved concrete shell that encloses space with a continuous, load-sharing surface Approximate Date /…
Aquarium (Roman fish tanks) [Ancient Inventions Series]
Invention Name Roman Fish Tank (piscina / peschiera) Short Definition Controlled basin for keeping fish in fresh or sea water…
Medical Scalpels [Ancient Inventions Series]
Invention Name Medical Scalpel (Detachable-Blade System) Short Definition Handheld surgical cutting instrument that pairs a rigid handle with a sterile,…
Tooth Extraction Tools [Ancient Inventions Series]
Field Data Invention Name Tooth Extraction Tools Short Definition Clinical instruments designed to loosen, grip, and remove teeth with controlled…
Seismograph [Ancient Inventions Series]
Invention Name Seismograph Short Definition Ground-motion recorder with a sensor and a recording system Approximate Date / Period 1880 (Certain)…
Silk Production [Ancient Inventions Series]
Field Verified Detail Invention Name Silk Production (Sericulture) Short Definition (1 Sentence) Making silk filament from silkworm cocoons for yarn…
Hippodrome [Ancient Inventions Series]
Invention Name Hippodrome Short Definition Purpose-built stadium for horse and chariot racing Approximate Date / Period (Certainty) Classical Greece; major…
Stirrups [Ancient Inventions Series]
Invention Name Stirrups Short Definition Foot supports hung from a saddle by straps. Approximate Date / Period c. 322 CE…
Public Baths [Ancient Inventions Series]
Invention Name Public Baths (Communal Bathhouses) Short Definition Shared places for washing, soaking, and heat-based bathing Approximate Date / Period…
Theatre Stage Machinery [Ancient Inventions Series]
Field Data Invention Name Theatre Stage Machinery Short Definition (1 sentence) Mechanical and controlled systems that move scenery, people-safe stage…
Library [Ancient Inventions Series]
Invention Name Library Short Definition Organized knowledge collection with shared access Details Approximate Date / Period 3rd millennium BCE Approximate…
Lighthouse [Ancient Inventions Series]
Field Value Invention Name Lighthouse Short Definition Elevated coastal light that marks hazards and guides safe navigation Approximate Date /…
Crossbow [Ancient Inventions Series]
Invention Name Crossbow Short Definition Trigger-fired bow on a stock that launches a bolt. Approximate Date / Era 5th–4th century…
Chainmail [Ancient Inventions Series]
Invention Name Chainmail (mail armour / maille) Short Definition Flexible metal mesh made from interlinked rings Approximate Date / Era…
Armor [Ancient Inventions Series]
Invention Name Armor Short Definition Protective equipment that reduces injury by absorbing and deflecting impacts. Approximate Date / Period Prehistory…
Helmet [Ancient Inventions Series]
Invention Name Helmet Short Definition Protective headgear that reduces harm from impacts and related hazards Approximate Date / Period 3rd…
Chariot [Ancient Inventions Series]
Invention Name Chariot Short Definition Light, animal-drawn vehicle built for fast human travel Approximate Date / Period Early 2nd millennium…
Ballista [Ancient Inventions Series]
Invention Name Ballista Short Definition A torsion-powered two-armed mechanical launcher designed for controlled, repeatable projectile release. Approximate Date / Period…
Astrolabe [Ancient Inventions Series]
Invention Name Astrolabe Short Definition A rotating star map that models the sky for a chosen latitude. Approx. Date /…
Catapult [Ancient Inventions Series]
Invention Name Catapult Short Description Stored-energy launcher for projecting a load Approximate Date / Period c. 400 BCE Approximate Geography…
Crane [Ancient Inventions Series]
Invention Name Crane (Lifting Machine) Short Definition Lift + horizontal shift of loads Approximate Date / Period Late 6th century…
Compass [Ancient Inventions Series]
Invention Name Compass (Magnetic Compass) Short Definition Direction-finding instrument using magnetism Approximate Date / Period 11th century CE (Song China)…
Odometer [Ancient Inventions Series]
Invention Name Odometer Short Definition Distance counter for traveled path Approximate Date / Period 1st c. BCE (written description) Approximate;…
Screw Press [Ancient Inventions Series]
Field Key Detail Invention Name Screw Press Short Definition Rotary-to-linear press for high, controlled pressure Approximate Date / Period 1st…
